How to read a certificate of analysis without being misled
A purity percentage is the least informative number on most certificates. Here is what the rest of the page is telling you, and which absences should stop an order.
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Laboratory practice
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Practice notes on the parts of research-compound work that go wrong quietly: documentation that does not say what it appears to say, handling steps that degrade material without visible change, and vehicle choices that flatten a dose-response curve for reasons unrelated to pharmacology.
Peptide reconstitution, aliquoting and the cold chain
Most peptide potency loss happens after delivery, in handling steps that are entirely under your control. The failure modes are few and well understood.
Read the guideVehicle selection for water-insoluble research compounds
DMSO is the default for a reason and a problem for the same reason. What to control, what to report, and when precipitation is quietly ruining a dose-response curve.
Read the guideWhat research use only actually means in practice
The phrase is on every label in this sector and widely treated as a formality. It is a real regulatory category with real obligations on both sides of a transaction.
Read the guideNext step
A question these guides do not answer?
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